Stages of Learning with LD
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- Stages of Learning and Development for a Child with Learning Difficulties
Early Engagement (Pre-formal Learning)
Focus: Sensory exploration, attention, and communication.
Needs: Consistency, sensory input, emotional security.
Barriers: Difficulty regulating sensory input, limited attention span, delayed communication.
Inclusive Support: Sensory-rich environments, use of visual cues, intensive interaction, and early language development strategies.Foundation Learning (Semi-formal Learning)
Focus: Early literacy and numeracy, social interaction, emotional development.
Needs: Structure, visual support, repetition, and routine.
Barriers: Processing delays, difficulty with transitions, fine/gross motor skills.
Inclusive Support: Visual timetables, direct learning, play-based curriculum, differentiated instruction.Developing Independence (Formal Learning Introduction)
Focus: Functional skills, personal development, and increased independence.
Needs: Scaffolded learning, explicit instruction, targeted interventions.
Barriers: Working memory issues, difficulty generalising skills, low confidence.
Inclusive Support: Chunked instructions, life-skills-based curriculum, assistive technology.Functional and Academic Progression (Formal Learning)
Focus: Core academic subjects, life skills, preparation for adulthood.
Needs: Clear expectations, personalised goals, supported transitions.
Barriers: Social anxiety, emotional dysregulation, complex communication needs.
Inclusive Support: Small group teaching, therapy integration (e.g., SALT, OT), vocational learning options, tailored assessment pathways (e.g., ASDAN, Entry Level).Common Barriers to Learning
Cognitive processing challenges
Speech, language, and communication difficulties
Sensory sensitivities
Social, emotional, and mental health (SEMH) needs
Low self-esteem or anxiety
Lack of appropriate adaptations in mainstream curriculumHow an Inclusive Curriculum Helps
An inclusive curriculum:Recognises diverse learning styles and offers flexible methods of teaching (visual, auditory, kinaesthetic).
Differentiates content to meet varying levels of understanding and pace.
Builds in therapy and wellbeing support, not as an add-on but embedded in the learning experience.
Supports independence through life skills, real-world learning, and community engagement.
Uses strengths-based approaches to build confidence and motivation.
- Stages of Learning and Development for a Child with Learning Difficulties